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Quantum Computers Could Break Bitcoin Sooner Than Expected
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The world of cryptocurrency may be sleepwalking toward a catastrophic security crisis, according to David Carvalho, CEO of Naoris Protocol and a former ethical hacker since the age of 13. He has issued a stark warning: Bitcoin’s vulnerability to quantum computing is no longer theoretical — it’s already unfolding.
Carvalho, now a leader in post-quantum cybersecurity, says quantum technology could shatter Bitcoin’s encryption protections in just a few years, not decades. Behind the scenes, governments and major tech corporations are already harvesting encrypted blockchain data today, intending to decrypt it later once quantum computing reaches maturity.
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Why Bitcoin Is at Risk from Quantum Tech
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Unlike traditional computers, which operate on binary bits (0 or 1), quantum computers use "qubits". These qubits can hold multiple states at once through a principle called superposition. This ability allows quantum machines to perform calculations at speeds impossible for classical computers, especially when tackling complex mathematical puzzles like large number factorization.
Bitcoin’s security is rooted in Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) — specifically the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) — which relies on the difficulty of reverse-engineering private keys from public keys. For classical computers, this task would take billions of years.
However, in 1999, mathematician Peter Shor proved that quantum algorithms could solve these problems exponentially faster. Shor’s Algorithm threatens to undo the foundational cryptographic protections behind Bitcoin wallets, making it possible to extract private keys from public addresses.
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The Clock Is Already Ticking
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Carvalho warns that the quantum arms race has begun in silence. Cyber adversaries are gathering blockchain data now, using a strategy known as “harvest now, decrypt later.” They aren’t aiming to crack the encryption today, but rather stockpiling data for when quantum machines are powerful enough to exploit it.
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How Is Bitcoin Exposed?
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Roughly 30% of Bitcoin’s total supply (6-7 million BTC) remains parked in older wallet formats that leave public keys vulnerable to quantum attacks.
Types of Risky Wallets:
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Older wallets and inactive addresses pose the highest risk, while miners and nodes could eventually become targets as quantum tech advances.
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What Are Experts Doing?
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Since 2022, organizations like NIST have issued warnings about transitioning to quantum-resistant algorithms. Meanwhile, tech giants such as IBM, Google, and Microsoft are racing to build quantum computers with millions of qubits — a milestone some experts believe could arrive before 2030.
This looming threat isn’t confined to Bitcoin alone. As Carvalho notes, AI and quantum computing combined could scan blockchains for weaknesses, automating attacks at an unprecedented scale.
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The Financial Sector Is Paying Attention
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Financial institutions are slowly recognizing the looming danger:
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Estimates for when quantum computers could break Bitcoin’s cryptography range from 2027 to the mid-2030s.
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Can Bitcoin Adapt Before It's Too Late?
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The key question remains: Can Bitcoin evolve quickly enough to survive this next technological wave? Or will quantum-resistant blockchains eventually lead the charge in securing the digital financial world?
The threat is clear. Preparation is no longer optional.
